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Based on literature sources, the article presents up-to-date data on the main pathogenetic features of coronavirus infection associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused a pandemic in 2019, according to the World Health Organization. The literature review covers in detail the processes of binding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to the receptor of human cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as well as internalization, replication of the virus, and the release of new virions from an infected cell that affect targeted organs (lungs, digestive tract, heart, central nervous system, and kidneys) and induce the development of a local and systemic inflammatory response.
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