Basic Fundamental Principles of Establishment and Operation of Seismic-Resistant Buildings and Structures

Abstract

This article discusses the issues of natural formation and passage of earthquakes; the history of the formation of modern earthquake-resistant construction; the analysis of modern anti-seismic design solutions included in the current regulatory documents has been carried out.

It has been established that an earthquake is such a complex natural physical phenomenon associated with irregular tectonic movements of lithospheric plates, strength and deformation characteristics of the earth's crust rocks and their water saturation, continuous physicochemical processes taking place inside the Earth, with its complex rotational movements and interaction with other cosmic objects and dozens of other factors that are very different from each other in different seismically active regions [1].

The opinion was formed that the best way to protect against earthquakes is high-quality earthquake-resistant construction and timely preparation for them. This is done by systematically improving the basic concepts of seismic impact, the principles of calculation, design and construction of buildings and structures - that is, the norms of earthquake-resistant construction. Therefore, the main attention should be paid to the safety of the structure, and not to the establishment of the exact day and hour of its collapse. The opinion of C. Richter is well known: “I do not like this pathological interest in prognosis. It distracts us from the already known risk and from the already known measures that should be taken to eliminate this risk. We know where there are places that are in danger and which buildings in these places are unreliable ", as well as the opinion of American scientists J. Gere and H. Shah:" ... we can confidently predict that most future earthquakes will not be predicted. " [2].